A genuis unrecognized in her lifetime, Emily Dickinson is now acknowledged as America's most original poet. Because she never married and rarely went outside her house in the last twenty years of her life, biographers and critics are interested in her mysterious private life and make many speculations about her sexuality and reclusivity. In the following interview, Lyndall Gordon (the author of Lives Likfe Loaded Guns: Emily Dickinson & Her Family's Feuds) talks about the possibility that Dickinson may have been elipeptic, Dickinson's relationship with her brother, her sister-in-law, and her posthumous legacy. Listen carefully and write down anything that inspires you. from npr.org (Fresh Air; July 6, 2010)
A week after Emily Dickinson died in 1886, her younger sister Lavinia opened drawers in the reclusive poet's bedroom and found a veritable treasure trove: nearly 1,800 poems, meticulously crafted by Dickinson during her lifetime.
But the discovery of the poems set off a multi-generational family feud within the Dickinson family over the poet's posthumous publication and her legacy. Writer Lyndall Gordon, a senior research fellow at St. Hilda's College, Oxford, describes the fight between Dickinson's sister-in-law Susan, and Susan's husband's mistress, Mabel Loomis Todd, in a new biography of Dickinson, Lives Like Loaded Guns.
"It would have seemed natural to everyone that Susan, who had been Emily Dickinson's support as a poet and keenest reader, should be the one to edit and publish the poems," Gordon tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross. "[But] after Emily Dickinson's death, she sent a poem to the foremost New York editor of the day, Richard Watson Gilder ... [and] he rejected Emily Dickinson's poem."
Nine months later, Mabel Loomis Todd — the mistress of Emily Dickinson's brother Austin — took matters into her own hands. Every few days, she typed up several of Dickinson's poems and started to send them to publishers. And she was successful: Four years after Dickinson's death, the first volume of her poetry was published.
Todd heavily edited Dickinson's poems, Gordon says. It wasn't until 1955, when Thomas H. Johnson published the Complete Poems, that Dickinson's writings were published without alteration from the manuscript versions.
Gordon says that several of those unaltered poems offer clues about why Dickinson rarely left her home: She may have had epilepsy. Several of her poems touch on a handicap — and, Gordon says, certain lines within those poems indicate that Dickinson may have had spells.
"I think that we have no way of knowing for certain," Gordon says. "But if it's true, it would explain everything. If there was this stigma associated with epilepsy, the best solution for her would have been for her to remain in what she called 'my father's house.' ... She was protected by her father and by her sister Lavinia. She had a comfortable room. She had the time and space to write poetry. If she had married, she would have had babies every year and many more domestic duties."
Lyndall Gordon has previously written biographies of T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Charlotte Bronte and Mary Wollstonecraft.
28 comments:
In the recording, Lyndall Gordon mentioned the huge impact on Emily Dickinson’s poems is a life-long suffering of epilepsy. The severe disorder gives Dickinson a path to see the world different than anybody else. Basically, I think the emotions within is an ambivalence that resulted from the torment between the ordeal of disorder and the inspiration of poetry. However, the ordeal become the existence within epilepsy, to her, it is like a life of poetry. It gives her a new way to rejoin the world by staying her small room. Living in it, Dickinson does not have to face the fear of losing control or to be seen disgrace in her distinguish family. What is better, she expand her reading, and gets extra times to write. In her genius works, for example, innovation the use of punctuation and rhythm is due to her experience of the disorder. The feeling of uncertainty or lost of control actually give her a unlike talent of writing, or an inspiration. Therefore, the success of Emily Dickinson on poem is that she never give herself up even in a severe condition. She kept her reading in the limited space, I supposed that is why she firmly believed that “brain is wider than the sky.” She acknowledged that you don’t have to believe in god to be intellect.
In conclusion, what epilepsy constructed in Dickinson’s personality is the seluctive life which lead to her distinguish inspiration of poetry.
In my opinion, I agree what the Gordon said in his book. Emily Dickinson may have had epilepsy. In her poem I stepped from plank to Plank, she talked about the cautious experience to walking on plank. Think about what a horror mission it was while walking through the woody bridge which was ready to fall in anytime. Besides, when we stood on the middle of the bridge, fears in our mind took over the whole thinking. Therefore, our sights had no place to settle. They were neither looking up to the sky nor looking down to abyss. Such a vivid image needed an impressive experience, but Emily Dickinson spent her most part of time staying home. Try to imagine if she had chance to encounter it. So, something may happen in her house. Having serious illness may be the reason she suffering.
In addition, she loved to use the “dash” to represent comma. The meaning of dash is to make our breath longer, which may infer that she wanted to make her life longer. The lengths of live are determined by God, so she contribute herself to God, which could be find in her poem My Life Had Stood-a Loaded Gun.
Anyway, If we wanted to find out the meaning of the “con”text, I agreed the assumption which Emily Dickinson had had epilepsy is more logical to explain her style of writing.
It is really unbelievable that Emily Dickinson suffered from epilepsy! When I go to the rehabilitation center, most of the patients have had a stroke. Sometimes when I see people shivering, shaking and foaming at the mouth, physical therapists will hurry to take care of them and make them more relaxed, and it lets me feel very terrible and sad… I feel Emily Dickinson’s mood is probably always painful because of her sickness. She expresses death, love, belief and nature in her poems, but all her life, she has been surrounded by epilepsy. I think if Emily Dickinson didn’t have epilepsy, possibly she would get married, become a housewife and, also, would not have remarkable poems. Or maybe Sylvia Plath would not have talented poems if she had no melancholia. As for Susan Dickinson and Mabel Todd, I feel those things they did are so boring, ha!
It’s pretty surprising to figure out that Emily Dickinson had epilepsy. No wonder she often used the dash when she was writing a poem. Dashes can present a condition what she has suffered in her realistic life. And I have an incredible feeling because in Dickinson’s whole life she had never stepped outside of her house, but she can narrate lots of thing perfectly than I who always visit lots of place and experience more. Even I do not suffer the epilepsy I can’t create these spectacular poems. So I think the God made her suffer the epilepsy was not only tested her but also gave her a gift to see the world through a different way.
In the end, through Emily Dickinson’s life, it inspires me that I can’t be limited to myself, and to surpass myself. Emily Dickinson has done it, why can’t I?
After I knew something about Emily Dickinson, I thought that she was indeed a remarkable poet.
From her poetry, using dashes instead of comma and dot as ending has showed her distinctive aspect in writing, while it was also considered as the speculation that she suffered from “epilepsy” in her life time. It was quite a misery for her, but I think just because of the miserable process, caused that she could create so many splendid poems. I thought that when she was suffering, she must have more sense with her body, more extraordinary feelings with her spirit, and more creativity in writing.
Moreover, I have a feeling that the epilepsy was the “impetus” of her creativity, just like the people who suffer from inherent shortages would always work harder than those who were normal.
It is really terrific for her to transform the painful experience into exquisite verse in all of her poetry. That is also why she could be a prominent poet in literature history.
I think Emily Dickinson is a hard-working person. There’s an old saying, “when God takes something away from you, he will give you another thing.” In spite of suffer of epilepsy, she didn’t give up her talent in writing. That’s a good example for those who also have disease, just find their talent, they can live a unique life. Emily Dickinson makes me think of Helen Keller who was blind and deaf after birth, she still devoted herself in teaching. Both of them had something in common. I think that’s why they could leave a good name for a hundred generations.
And Emily also was a mysterious poet, she could write many imagistic poems though she never left her home. I think maybe she was an imaginative person.
But I guess maybe she didn’t want to have epilepsy and wanted to live a different life just like what Gordon said, “If she had married, she would have had babies every year and many more domestic duties.”
According to what Lyndall Gordon said, Emily Dickinson seemed to have epilepsy. We can get some implications from her poems. For instance, her writing feature was that she was good at using dash instead of full stop. It was very unconventional. She got rid of the traditional writing types. The result that not obeys the conventional ways to write often leads to two extremes---- success or fail. Of course, she belongs to the former ones. In my opinion, I think if she really had epilepsy, she wanted to use dash to express that she hoped that she could live longer. Epilepsy is a kind of terrific disease that will deprive of one’s life who suffers it in a sudden moment. And, due to that horrible illness, she almost never stepped out of the gate of her house in her later half life. Because when she went outside, the possibility of epilepsy breaking out was very high. Moreover, she thought the situation of her must be awful when it broke out. She might slobber or urinate out of her control in the public places. The most importantly, she had imposing family background, thus, those above conditions would bring bad effects on her family. So, she stayed in her home all the time. But the most interesting part is in her poems, you can discover that she wrote a lot of natural animals and she also mentioned that she and those animals knew each other. They were her friends. I wonder how she could write that without going outside.
She was probably a real genius in writing, like other famous poets who also suffered some illnesses. In the arduous situation led her to write extraordinary and masterful poems.
Actually, reading the Emily Dickinson’s poems needs a lot of imagination. Someone may focus on her dashes, just like her disease. She used many dashes in her poem, as though there is something beyond what she can actually express. Although we know that having the epilepsy is bad and horrible, I guess epilepsy helps Emily Dickinson write many famous and great poems. Maybe if Emily Dickinson did not have epilepsy, she can not write the poem through the visions caused by the epilepsy. Reading many poems that we know the background is very important that will influence the lifestyle. In mid-19th century, women were depressed and suppressed. So Emily Dickinson wrote down her depression through the poems. I think many reasons, such as her family, her sister-in-law, her background, her experience and so on, caused to live in seclusion and get the disease. Maybe she lived in seclusion can easily be herself because no one wants to suppress themselves, so as Emily Dickinson. This is weird that being the poet sometimes has the crazy life that motivates them to write. They need the experience and the imagination to stimulate on writing.
I think it’s not so well to discuss anyone’s privacy especially when he or she died. But I am interesting why Emily Dickinson didn’t get marry and why her poem made most of us feel that she is epilepsy.
At that time it’s hard for women to have educated. Emily Dickinson was intelligent and she also received well educated. She equipped many good conditions to be a writer; however, if she got married she would have to do a lot of domestic works and have to give birth of many babies. If I were she I won’t get married, either. I don’t want the family tie me up and makes me can’t breathe. I want to have my personal space and do what I want to do and won’t be disturbed by anything. As a woman who has epilepsy Dickinson didn’t want to go outside. However, she still wrote significant poems. I think, if she didn’t have epilepsy maybe she would get marry and we won’t have those masterpieces. I love her poem, because what she wrote really reflected the truth of our life. Even though she never went outside since she graduated from college, she still wrote those great poems. Although epilepsy was bad to a person, from her poem I think that she was really good at getting along with it.
Emily Dickinson was a virgin recluse. She didn’t get marry with any man in her life. Nowadays, when we see her poems, we can discover that she was really a genius poetess. However, the reason why she wanted to withdraw from society and live in obscurity makes me confused. Outsiders conjecture that Emily Dickinson had epilepsy. This statement can be proved by the dash in her poems. After we read her poem, we can obviously discover that she used a lots dash in her poem. However, in that era, having epilepsy was shameful so that she chose to be a recluse. I think she was really a genius poetess. Although she needed to face the epilepsy in her life, she still can write awesome poems. She also had to face the grief of losing her best friends. There are so many obstacles or maybe challenges in her life; however, she still could change these challenges into her motives to create these excellent poems. Therefore, I think her spirit is pure and hardy. I think she is just like an angel with a unperfected body; however, her mission was to bring these awesome poems to the world and bought us a new or different thoughts.
In Gorden’s book, Emily Dickson may have had epilepsy. I believe this opinion and this opinion let me associate with a Chinese poet in thinking. Qu Yuan is a famous poet in Chinese. He wrote many magic poems like “Nine Chapter” or “Chu Elegies.” There are some scholars guess that Qu Yuan used drugs to have illusions when he wrote, because people can’t believe why a person can write these beautiful compositions which let people can’t image. In spite of Qu Yuan and Emily Dickson wrote in different style, both of them still give readers surprise.
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. I think epilepsy let Emily Dickson has another view to see this word and her life. Epilepsy is a sick that can’t be cured but for Emily Dickson maybe it is a weird gift from the God.
As Lyndall Gordon said “And I, myself, you know, don't know the physiology of it, but I think that there is a change in the pathway of the brain.” I deeply agree with it though I don’t have any evidence. A big ill or accident will change a man, sometimes inspires him or give him a different capacity. And in this broadcast, Lyndall Gordon research reveal that Emily Dickinson had Epilepsy because she wrote again and again is the fear of loss of control. And so the bomb could be like her poetry, her genius, her expression. It might also be epileptic seizures waiting to emerge. It’s a good reason to explain Dickinson had this special form of writing.
Emily Dickinson's is really known for her punctuation - the dashes and sometimes put capitals in the words. However, the dashes that struck her contemporaries as ignorant and impossible and something those editors had to correct- actually gives her writing a kind of spasmodic rhythm. What a pity that people couldn’t understand her art and special. In this broadcast, Lyndall Gordon said Emily Dickinson didn’t marry maybe her Epilepsy, and I agree with that if Dickinson got marriage then she needed to afford a lot of duties and give birth to someone. In this way, she may not have so much time to compose her poems. And I think the second reason is her sister-in-law didn’t have a good marriage. Maybe many people think she is unfortunate to have a marriage, but I think it’s fortunate to her.
After listening the broadcast, I realized that Emily Dickinson was suffered from epilepsy, which would make her mind out of control and was the barrier in her lifetime. Her brother Austin didn’t have a successful marriage, which was deeply influence on Emily’s conception about marriage. Emily didn’t want to marriage and did the duties which every woman must do. Escaping everything, She always stayed alone in the room；At the same time, a lot of poems were produced. In this condition, her creating style usually presented in first person speaking. There were lots of poems written by Emily which nobody knew before, Susan her sister-in-law was the very person who opposed large parts of Emily’s poems. First time Susan tried to offer those poems to the publisher but in vain, they didn’t care Emily’s poems. The second time nine month later after Emily’s death, her poems were sent again by Mabel Loomis Todd her brother’s mistress and succeed. In this moment, Emily’s poems amazing the world and was respected by others. Owning to her special family condition and growth condition, almost all Emily’s thinking touch the taboo issues at that time; she dared not opening to the world at that time. Thus not until her died was a genius being acknowledged.
I think that there is a possibility that Emily Dickson may had suffered from epilepsy. From the above article we may take a guess. I agree with what Lyndall Gordon said and did. Emily Dickson may suffer from this disease in her last twenty years in her small room. Epilepsy seems like a severe disease to general people , but it might be nothing to Emily Dickson. I mean, probably, she learned something or viewed something during the epilepsy. Great literati always suffer some disease. This is how they experience life and how they write splendid poems. Maybe it seem sad to others that staying in a small room and suffer from epilepsy, but it might be a way for Emily Dickson to have a deeper acknowledge towards life.
In this interview, there are many things surprise me. Lyndall Gordon says that she thinks that epilepsy is just the reason of Emily Dickinson’s seclusion. The dashes in every end of line have a great resemblance to spasmodic rhythm. It is only a guess but reflect the point that Emily Dickinson, she didn’t get married. In the conversation, I get the information that there is a law to confine women’s marriage. If the woman has epilepsy, she couldn’t get married with others. However, Emily Dickinson didn’t give up herself for the disease. She changed her life to the tiny room and kept on her creation. In the end, she succeeded in becoming a famous poet. That’s a really difficulty to describe things which you never experience by yourself. Miraculously, Emily, she did. No wonder that she is the genius.
I think that epilepsy and being unmarried are two important reasons that cause Emily
Dickson wrote lots of great works. Her life had just her father, brother and sister-in- law. Due to epilepsy, she didn’t go out so that she can write in privacy. She had to receive much painful no matter physiological or psychological. In the other words, great painful creates great works. And in her life, unmarried gave her much more time to write. Maybe epilepsy, she felt inferior. She expressed her mind trough incessantly writing. Lots of writers write because of pain. This is a juncture to Emily Dickson to become a great poet.
In this recording, Lyndall Gordon mentioned that Emily Dickinson got epilepsy. And, professor also mentions this on class. I think this thing maybe is true. I think this thing is possible because her poem is too different. I think that she get ideas from progress of epilepsy. This great disorder makes her poem become fantastic. In her poem, she always uses dash in her poem. I think this maybe is that she wants to describe the condition of epilepsy. Dashes symbol she often lose sense when epilepsy happens. This thing maybe can explain the reason why she can write these fantastic poems but she never walks her house outside in twenty years. And, she always mentions lifestyle in her poems. These poems always express depressed. I think that women maybe depress in nineteen century. So, Emily Dickinson wrote down in her poems.
Form the record; I’m really impressed about the way Emily Dickinson express her visions, though it might be just the side effect of her epilepsy. “Put the new blossom in the glass” fully indicates her vision. No matter it’s the illusion or the imagination, the beauty of the poem revealed between Emily Dickinson’s words. Through her poem, I can even sense the blossom of all things surrounded. To my concern, it’s not so important that to assume whether she has epilepsy or not. What really matters is that how she shows the very true thoughts and the influence she had made.
From the interview, Lyndall Gordon points out women at that time struggled from the overwhelming emotion and the obligation to be a dutiful well-presented person. They suppress their energies, intelligence, emotions in order to reach that goal. Lyndall Gordon expresses that these symptoms might be the expressions of the epilepsy.
And in Emily Dickinson’s life, I think Susan has played an extraordinary role. Without her support, Emily Dickinson may not have the motivation to keep on writing such astonishing masterpieces.
First of all, we all know that Emily Dickinson’s poems show her strong point of view and willing on death, belief, love and nature. Using dashes in her poems make her special from others poet. Inference from these facts, we could guess that maybe she was suffered from epilepsy! In her present, she wrote many poems that found by her younger sister after her dead. Why don’ t she show her poems to the society? Women couldn’t have the right to talk about their dissatisfied on their live. Religious issues were forbidden by atheist roman religion. So that is why Emily Dickinson didn’t want to publish her poems. Dissatisfaction to life is the main shaft of her poems. So I think wonderful stories have wonderful backgrounds.
From this interview of Lyndall Gordon, we can know lots of Dickinson family’s affair. Although we will have a better understanding of poems’ meanings through the poet’s background, I think we shouldn’t explore poet’s private life. We should go back to poems themselves, and do some better annotation to poems.
I think the most impressiveness to Emily’s poems is that she used many dashes. People knew nothing about epilepsy in the 19th century, and people thought epilepsy was a kind of retribution, it was considered shameful to be a woman and have epilepsy, and even there were some states that had laws forbidding women to marry if they had epilepsy. Therefore, Emily had to live a secluded life and unmarried in her whole life.
She said, “I felt a cleaving in my mind, as if my brain had split.” “I think that epileptics would feel that sense of disorientation after an attack.” We can know that epilepsy gives her writing a kind of spasmodic rhythm. What admires me is that Emily realized perfection through the pain of her seizure. Epilepsy cause inconvenience in Emily’s whole life, but it is also the main reason why Emily could write such masterpieces. For other people, if they get this kind of disease, they may just stay at home and do domestic things. Emily got over this obstacle, and used this disadvantage to create fantastic poems. I think this also means that there are always ways can get out from dilemma, and the most important thing is people’s mind.
Emily Dickinson had epilepsy but she still can write many good poems. I think she is a very excellent writer. But the sickness can give her spiritual gains to write the poem. Gordon said she often suggests that she might have some handicap. I think she is very brave. Although she had epilepsy, she can write too many good poems. I think she doesn’t marry because she doesn’t want her lover see that she had epilepsy. She is very unfortunate. She is also a hardworking person. She didn’t give up herself because of epilepsy. And Gordon said Susan Dickinson was a bookish woman. Gordon said she don’t want to afford many things so she didn’t get married. I think she only want to write the good poem. The epilepsy also affects her life very much. If she doesn’t have epilepsy, she will have a totally different life. Finally she becomes a famous person. She was success in her life.
I can not understand why people are curious about whether Emily Dickinson had epilepsy or not. I just know that she is a wonderful poet. Maybe Emily Dickinson really did suffer from epilepsy. Her physical pain blooms into flowing stanzas. In her poems, she likes to use dashes. It makes me feel an uncertainty while reading them. The poems seem to go on themselves, though there are any words after those dashes.
Emily Dickinson has her own style to use capital letters and dashes. There are no limits in her poems. She gave us our own imagination to figure out what happened.
To tell the truth, I do not think that if I had epilepsy can make me to be a great poet just like her. She definitely had her own talent, and her physical sufferings put her to reach the top. With good education and pain, she could make those eternal poems. She showed us her own world. There are so unique that I will always remember the unnamable feeling while reading through those poems.
The limit can not trap her. Although she spent all her life in her dad’s house, she was still free, not being confined.
Clare 49788036
I have to admit that Emily Dickinson is really a inconceivable woman. She lived in a house almost during her lifelong time. But to my surprise, she did wrote so many wonderful poems!
But Lyndall Gordon doubts that she may get epilepsy. That`s why she liked use dash instead of comma to represent her poems. Because dash gives us a feeling that she seemed to wished to speak but do not on a second thought.
There is one more worth to paying attention on her life that is a relationship between Emily and her sister-in-law Susan, who had been Emily Dickinson's support as a poet and keenest reader. I think Emily loved but hated her at the same time.
She seemed like afraid of losing control, it showed in her poems. Perhaps because she got epilepsy, so she had to be careful step by step. In her era, she was a lady, if once she shuddered in a public occasions, it must be a big joke. So we can see clearly that she had to ensure every step she did was safe, she did afraid of losing control.
Finally, I agree with what Emma said “when God takes something away from you, he will give you another thin.” God makes her get epilepsy, but He also gives her a talent of writing.
When I realize that Emily Dickinson creates the brilliant and famous poetry in her room, which she always keeps inside alone, I am very surprised. The poetry which she writes, is very unique and creative. And we can discover that there are some clues which we often associate with her illness, in her poetry to guess she has epilepsy. Emily Dickinson may use the experience of epilepsy in her poetry. When we read the poem “I stepped from plank and plank”, the whole poem gives us the feeling of being insecure and losing control immediately. Moreover, she uses lots of dashes in her poems, it makes us think the imagination is similar with situation that someone is suffering the pain. Therefore, her poetry differs from other poets. Because of that, I think the limitations help her to be imaginative to create many masterpieces in her life.
In many poems Emily Dickinson uses words of ‘not stop ’or ’pass’, I have a feeling that Dickinson has a desire of ‘moving’. So I associate the feeling with Dickinson’s background that she lives in ‘father’s house’ for most of her life. Lyndall Gordon mentioned that it’s possible because she has epilepsy that Dickinson describes it as the feeling of lose control. According to another research that shows two members of the Dickinson family have such illness, and the way she treated, the medicine she took give us a proof that she has the illness. So her father makes a comfortable house for her, because during that time women should not marry a man if she has epilepsy.
But I think the most of all is the way she described. The description is so unusual that makes me expressed and astonished.
I agree that Gordon said “Her handicap or whatever we want to call it was connected with her visionary life.” Emily Dickinson also said in one of her poems “My lost by sickness — Was it Loss?” I think it means that Dickinson knew the epilepsy is a way to write down her excellent poems though epilepsy is a really unbearable disease. Dickinson seldom went outside. I guessed is because of the disease. However, unbearable disease and seldom went outside and have a spirit friend – her sister in law, these three things seems that not closely related to her poem, but maybe that’s why she can write down them because of her experience and imagination. She has less things related to the outside world, so she sought her mind deeper than other people.
It is interesting to speculate that Emily Dickinson had epilepsy. Many descriptions in Dickinson’s poems showed that she may suffer from epilepsy. For instance, she liked to use dash instead of using other punctuation marks. Maybe dash not only means the punctuation mark but also means that she was attached by some violence. The meaning of dash is to break or smash by striking violently or to hurl, knock, or thrust with sudden violence. The violence might be the break out of epilepsy. In 〔I stepped from Plank to Plank〕 “I knew not but the next Would be my final inch— This gave me that precarious Gait Some call Experience.” The word Experience with capital E that Lyndall Gordon also mentioned about in Dickinson’s other poems maybe have some connotation with epilepsy.
During the program, Gordon said that Emily Dickinson adored her sister-in-law Susan, but in 〔She dealt her pretty words like Blades—〕 “She never deemed—she hurt— That—is not Steel’s Affair— A vulgar grimace in the Flesh— How ill the Creature bear— ” these lines show that her sister-in-law was a sarcastic and arrogant person. Dickinson seemed more scared than adored through these lines.
After have the further realization of Emily Dickinson, I think she is really a genius. In the generation when she lived, women had little right to learn,to study, not to mention being a poetess. They're not allowed to be equally treated as men did, such as being educated, so it's interesting that she could wrote such innovative poems that shocked people. Until now, when we read her poem, they're not old-fashioned. It's quite reasonable she suffered from epilepsy. For one hand, her creative words might be born while her sickness was driving her out of conciousness, hence her thoughts wouldn't be limited by anything. On the other hand, Emily's famous for his using dash, rather than a comma or a period. I can imagine the scene when her epilepsy was attacking her mind, the strong feeling can only be continued by the dash.
For me,it's not enough to just call her genius, I think she's the legend of peom.
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