Jhumpa Lahiri on Becoming an American

Nationality, tradition and belonging: The themes of Jhumpa Lahiri's fiction spring from the complexities of the author's own life. Born to Indian parents in London and raised in Rhode Island, the author of Unaccustomed Earth (2008) and The Interpreter of Maladies (1999) says she's struggled for four decades to feel like she belonged in America.

"For me," Lahiri tells Morning Edition's Steve Inskeep, "there is sort of a half-way feeling [of being American]."

But, she says, her parents never thought of themselves as American, despite the fact that they applied for and received citizenship.

"They've lived here now for more than half of their lives, and they raised a family here and now have grandchildren here. ... It has become their home," says Lahiri. "But at the same time, for my parents, I don't think either of them will ever consciously think, 'I am an American.' "

Lahiri says her parents were always isolated from mainstream American culture. Despite the fact that they spoke English, they were "betrayed by their accents." If the family went to buy a washing machine, the sales clerk would talk to Lahiri, assuming her parents couldn't understand.

"The accent, the fact that my mother wore traditional clothing — that marked them immediately as soon as we went out in the public sphere," says Lahiri.

Growing up, Lahiri's loyalty to her parents conflicted with her desire to fit in: "It didn't matter that I wore clothes from Sears; I was still different. I looked different. My name was different," she says. "I wanted to pull away from the things that marked my parents as being different."

Lahiri says her parents didn't mix with her friends' parents in an easy, comfortable way — not because they didn't want to, but because there was a barrier that they couldn't overcome.

"I think this was a two-way street," she says. "It wasn't just that they were afraid or unwilling — there was a fear, an unwillingness on both sides."

Lahiri says creating characters who also struggle with the immigrant experience has helped her confront the truth of her life.

"A lot of my upbringing was about denying or fretting or evading," she says. But through fiction, Lahiri says she's learned to accept that her parents will always be tied to two different parts of the Earth.

"It has been liberating and brought me some peace to just confront that truth, if not to be able to solve it or answer it," she says.

Source cited from NPR.org. Listen Now.

Story Hour in the Library - Bharati Mukherjee and Clark Blaise at UC Berkeley

Here you can have a chance to be the virtual audience of the "reading series" at UC Berkeley that was held on October, 9th, 2008. The readers invited in the Story Hour Reading Series are Bharati Mukherjee and Clark Blaise, who have been married for 45 years and both teach in Berkeley's English department.

"For me, my fiction is a way to get in touch with my inner bad girl"--Bharati Mukherjee

Bharati Mukherjee, the author of "The Management of Grief," was born in Calcutta in 1940. Traveling to the United States to study creative writing at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, she rebelled against her father's command to come back home and marry the man he selected for her when she fell in love with her classmate, Canadian writer Clark Blaise, and married him impulsively during her lunch break after only two weeks of courtship.

In "The Management of Grief," the topic of arranged marriage is one of the story's themes of cultural difference and dislocation. Here you can listen to Mukherjee's 2002 interview with NPR, in which she talked about arranged marriage in Hindu societies, her father's choice of husband for her, how she dared to break parental rules, her 2002 novel, Desirable Daughters, the conflict between traditional India and modernity, her struggle with the immigrant experience, and her view upon women's condition and being an Indian-born American writer. Write down anything that you notice as particularly interesting or impressive.